Reducing Your Energy Bill The Study Of The Effects Of...

Reducing Your Energy Bill: The Study of the Effects of Heat on Roofs Ricardo Medina Cathedral High School Abstract Would painting your house a different color change its overall temperature? The project presented is about the studies of the effects of different colored paints when applied to a building’s roof. In the studies it was discovered that a lighter color will not keep the heat trapped so a light colored house will do well in a hot region, such as El Paso. A darker colored house would trap the heat, so a house that is darker will serve a better purpose in a colder region. The materials needed for this project are acrylic paint in red, white, brown. Apply the paint to three different boxes. When that is done set a timer for 30 min and leave the boxes outside and record the temperatures. Once the time is up, record the readings and input them into a chart. This will make it easier to analyze the results and see the differences between each temperature. This experiment can help you decide what color is the best option to paint your roof. Doing this experiment can help notice what colo rs regulate temperature the best in different environment. Introduction How does the color of your house affect the temperature inside of it? The clothes you wear is an example of this. On a hot sunny day you would rather wear a light colored shirt. If you were to wear a dark colored shirt you would get warmer quicker than if you were in a light colored shirt. Since lightShow MoreRelatedSolar Energy : An Important Part Of Life Essay913 Words   |  4 PagesEnergy will always be an important part of life, producing power of movement, heat, and production of electricity in many ways. Renewable energy producing electricity never runs out having lower environmental impact. Solar energy should be used globally improving architectural design in both residential and commercial buildings expanding living future. With 7 billion people across the world, living future might be one of the solutions of global warming by saving energy, water, electricity and natureRead MoreAlternative Energy1688 Words   |  7 PagesAre alternative energy sources the answer to endi ng human dependence on oil? September 24, 2012 Are alternative energy sources the answer to ending human dependence on oil? Right now there is no one substitute for oil because we use it for a variety of things. We can use alternative sources in areas to preserve or conserve our usage of oil. We use to use wood for fires and light. Then in the industrial revolution we began to use coal. â€Å"Coal can provide much more energy over longer periods thanRead MoreSustainable Building Material...24522 Words   |  99 PagesWorks and Planning, City of Santa Cruz Departments of Public Works and Planning Community Development, and Ecology Action. Many thanks to Ana Maria Rebelo, Dick Stubendorff, Mary Arman, and Virginia Johnson. Thank you, reader, for your attention. We hope to inspire your interest and collaboration to support green building in our region, conserve our environment, strengthen our economy, and create a healthy community. Sitework Grading Paving Resource Efficient Landscapes 8 9 Structural Elements Read MoreMmp 112 Sustainable Construction Trimester2561 Words   |  11 PagesMMP 112 SUSTAINABLE CONSTRUCTION TRIMESTER 1 2015 ASSIGNMENT 1 SUSTAINABILITY ASSESSMENT Table of Contents 1. Executive Summary 2. Introduction 3. Task 1- Energy efficient and sustainable technologies 4. Task 2- Description of house 5. Task 3- How to improve your homes environmental performance TASK 1 – ENERGY EFFICIENT AND SUSTAINABLE TECHNOLOGIES 1. EVAPORATIVE COOLING One effective form of air conditioning, which is fitting for less humid states of Australia and is basedRead MoreHome Energy Conservation3185 Words   |  13 PagesHome Energy Conservation So you think the cost of gas is outrageous? Most Americans do. The controversies in the Middle East and recent environmental disasters have made the cost of many natural resources, like oil, sky rocket. So imagine the amount of oil needed to power your car and compare that to the amount of oil needed to heat your home. Home energy conservation is a way that Americans can counter-act the estimated high costs to heat, cool or light their residence. In the ‘old days’ energyRead MoreAn Investigation Into Photovoltaic Cells2330 Words   |  10 Pagesup with â€Å"Solar Thermal Panels†, as they are both put on the roofs of the buildings and look very similar, however they provide electricity directly whilst solar thermal panels can have photovoltaic cells used within them but they don’t have to, as well as solar thermal panels are responsible for supplying energy for heating rather than electricity. The difference between solar thermal panels is that it provi des more of the thermal energy, just as the name states, whilst photovoltaic panels can onlyRead MoreGlobal Warming And The Depletion Of Non Renewable Resources3186 Words   |  13 PagesCommunities A Pathway To Net Zero Energy Kara Boboski Abstract: This paper discusses the issues of global warming, and the depletion of non-renewable resources, and how it has lead to the promotion of net zero energy communities. There are many benefits to achieving carbon neutrality, which will be further explored. A wide variety of clean energy is available, which can be harnessed and even stored for future use. This variety of clean energy no negative effect on the earth. Further more, thisRead MoreInnovative Construction Techniques And New Technologies3226 Words   |  13 Pagesthis course, Sustainable Construction. I found the study to be quite interesting, beneficial and knowledgeable. I have tried my best to prepare an effective and creditable paper. This paper is about products, construction techniques and new technologies that can be used to achieve credits toward LEED certification of a building. I want to thank you and thank San Jose State University for this opportunity provided to work on such a great topic. Yours Sincerely, Hanna Saed Table of Contents: AbstractRead MoreDemand Side Management22653 Words   |  91 PagesDemand-side management sustainable energy regulation and policymaking for africa MODULE 14: DEMAND-SIDE MANAGEMENT page iii CONTENTS 1. MODULE OBJECTIVES 14.1 1.1. Module overview 14.1 1.2. Module aims 14.1 1.3. Module learning outcomes 14.2 2. INTRODUCTION 14.3 3. WHY PROMOTE DSM? 14.5 4. WHAT DRIVES DSM? 14.7 4.1. Cost reduction and environmental motives 14.8 4.2. Reliability and network motives 14.10 5. TYPES OF DSM MEASURES 14.13 5.1. Energy reduction programmes 14.13 5.2. 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Should Students Wear Uniforms Free Essays

Are Uniforms A Good Way to Improve Students Discipline and Motivation? AED 200 Introduction Uniforms have been a big debate for years. Some educators and parents believe feel uniforms are a great addition to the school system while others feel it is not giving student’s freedom of speech by expressing themselves in what they wear. Should Students Wear Uniforms? Should students wear uniforms is the big debate across school districts across the united states today. We will write a custom essay sample on Should Students Wear Uniforms or any similar topic only for you Order Now According to Eduguide. rg, school uniforms are one step that may break the cycle of violence; truancy and disorder by helping young students understand what really counts. Some feel students benefit from uniforms because it boosts their self-esteem. Students also have feel like they are in a fashion show dressing in uniforms makes students realize what on the inside that counts. Uniforms decrease the influence of gangs and are known to make things difficult for weapons being brought in hidden inside of clothes. Uniforms improve learning. Uniforms reduce distraction and shapes focus on school work and making the classroom a more serious environment. Uniforms improve behavior and increase school attendance. Uniforms save families time and money. Parents report uniforms are cheaper than buying designer clothes or keeping up with the latest trends. Uniforms helps the administrators quickly identify outsiders who could be a danger to the students. Some people believe uniforms shows neatness by requiring students to tuck in their shirts, wear belts and wear shoes similar in color. Students dressing the same decreases teasing about clothing and shoe appearance. Uniforms prepare children for following a dress code for the future when they reach adulthood and join the workforce. Some children form their own groups in school in which wearing a certain thing or color or style. Some children use fashion trends to differentiate the popular ones from the unpopular children according to what they wear. Uniforms make it less possible for kids to be judged based on clothing choices. Uniforms prevent the competition to have the most fashionable clothes. Competition in school causes students to lose focus on schoolwork instead of on who is wearing the latest fashion trends. Uniforms eliminate clothes competiveness. Another article from Proffessorshouse. com states that some people claim that requiring a uniform increase graduation rates and also has an impact on children’s educational experience. Students performed on the uniform debate claim that uniforms encourage discipline, helps prevent social groups from forming opinions based on fashion status, gets rid of economic barriers and makes easily to identify persons at the school who should not be there. The article also talks about how some form of dress codes enforced around 75% of all schools dress codes are in place to outlaws offensive clothing being worn to the school. After reviewing another article from Ezinearticles. com uniforms create a source of identity and provides a sense of belonging according to the article the article some children’s believe the school chosen for them is a sort of achievement and the school uniform is a mark of inclusion, something to brag about and they feel proud and empowered wearing it. It eliminates the child having to worry about what to wear each day. Uniforms also relieve the parent of having to spend money to helping the child to keep up with the latest trends every day. Uniforms allow a sense of unified purpose to develop particular rivalry with other establishments. Uniforms reinforce children’s since of belonging to reassuring communities. In a 1996 Long Beach, Calif. speech, former President Bill Clinton announced his support of that district’s uniform initiative. It didn’t get far in the United States but it also helped start the debate. Uniforms also closes the debate on what children are allowed wear to school, then that makes mornings easier for parents and for children. Everyone knows exactly what the kids need to wear, their regulated school uniform. This leads to a decrease in morning arguments. Some experts believe that when the entire student body is dressed in uniforms, they develop a stronger team mentality. When they are all dressed alike, their all-for-one-and-one-for-all attitude is boosted. With parents saving by not having to buy day to day clothes, they can let their children buy a few nicer and more fashionable clothes for weekends and evenings. Wearing a uniform five days a week can make children appreciate their weekend fashions more. Why Students Should Not Wear Uniforms Parents on the opposing side feel uniforms violate the right to freedom of speech and expression; a uniform cost too much for families struggling financially, uniforms are a band aid on the problem of school violence and does not address the real issues behind it. Uniforms hide warning signs that point to problems that maybe going on with the child. Some feel that uniforms have not been able to prove wither the decreased discipline or violence and uniforms fail to allow children the ability to learn and make good choices based on their own values. Most feel that uniform are not allowing children to be themselves. Some believe that children cannot be themselves clothes are an expression of who they are. Parents feel that uniforms can be more expensive than regular clothes. Some parents may feel they are a big waste of money wither the school paid for them or not. Some feel uniforms made children uncomfortable and made them focus on the uniform rather than focusing on school work. Also uniforms do not change a child’s behavior in school. Wearing uniforms stop children from getting in trouble and acting out in school. Self-expression is an important part of a child’s development and curbing it with uniforms can be determined to children. Some feel if students are not able to express themselves will in another way by excessive make-up or hairstyles or jewelry. Uniform wear delays transitions into adulthood. Some experts feel teenagers to wear uniforms limits their ability to express in their own way in which can delay their transition in adulthood. Studies show uniforms can be a difficult to enforce in public schools. Conclusion Uniforms have many pros and cons, most believe uniforms are a good option for kids while others feel they can compromise who kids are through expressing themselves through the clothes they wear uniforms cuts down on violence and is a solution to economic problems parents may be facing today. My own personal experience with uniforms causes me to look at uniforms in both sides of the issue. I feel uniforms should be forced in middle or high school but voluntary in elementary schools. I feel most kids in elementary school do not notice what each other wear. Middle and high school is the times where students notice what the other person is wearing or form groups based on who they think are popular or the other. Uniforms are a choice based on school officials and it is up to the child or school if uniforms work. References Website: EduGuide. com Website: Ezarticle. com Website: About. com How to cite Should Students Wear Uniforms, Essay examples

Construction Trends Enhanced Profitability

Quetstion: Discuss about the Construction Trends for Enhanced Profitability. Answer: Introduction The building industry is one of the major building block for any countrys economy. For this reason, it is crucial that construction companies have clear strategies to use to become more efficient in delivering their services. This will ensure that they also gain maximum profit while providing the best construction facilities to their clients. The current trend in construction industry is undergoing new changes with the improvement of technology and it is necessary that the managers know how to integrate this into their organizations appropriately (Basu, 2016)). Several companies that do not take these strategic approaches in their work end up performing very poorly which results in undesirable structures. Such companies do not survive ell in the industry as they lose most of their clients and they end up being closed. This research report provides measures such as, use of new technology, efficient management of job production for profit, the definition of companys goals and setting prospects, adequate training of staff, and the making of written procedures for the employees which are known to work well in improving their performance (Heap 1987, p. 7). The performance of different construction companies The construction industry is faced with unique challenges different from which other companies in other sectors face. Due to its interactive nature and dependence on different groups of people, the construction industry has particular techniques of managing it. Managers who are not well versed with these methods usually lead their firms astray which makes them suffer dire consequences including huge losses. For instance, delaying of a project may cause very huge financial implications that the company has to pay for ultimately (Hammad, Omran and Kadir, 2011). Such a mistake may lead to the closure of the company or loss of their trusted clients. On the other hand, construction companies that deliver their services within the set time frame, become more successful and they may even make super-normal profits as a result. It is important that managers know the strategies that will ensure they are effective in the industry to enjoy the profits. Each day, the construction industry is receiving new technological inventions that are making the work easier and faster. It is important that managers are receptive to these advancements and implement them to their organizations so as to benefit from the same. Companies that keep up with the latest technologies usually save a lot of time and money that could otherwise be wasted using the former techniques (Naoum, 2001). The fundamental aim of starting any business is usually to make revenue for the same. As such, it is crucial that all construction companies appoint managers who have the desired qualities that will ensure they achieve this goal (Heap 1987, p. 23). Good managers know how to analyze and establish the best construction methods which are most cost effective if used properly. It is, therefore, important that managers make the right decisions in construction as this determines whether they eventually make profits or losses. Definition of companys goals and setting prospects When setting up a construction company, the owners need to have a clear purpose and specification for the services they will handle (Walker, 2007). The construction industry has many branches, and it is prudent that the managers identify the most viable areas to specialize in. All construction companies, therefore, need to set up goals that will act as guides and source of motivation for their employees. The goals should be defined by the management in consultation with their workers to establish the most effective goals that will benefit every stakeholder in the company. It is important that also the clients who engage with the company are notified about these goals to ensure smooth dealings. After recruiting the employees, it is necessary that they are given a thorough training to enhance their skills before they can start working (Rojas, 2008). This is necessary because it is not possible to fully judge the expertise of workers during the interview and appointment stage. As such, training the employees will ensure that they have all the skills and tools necessary to drive the company into good performance. It is important that the company strives to retain their trained employees as this is a form of investment and replacing them may end up being very costly to the firm. Making written procedures for the employees In construction, all the building processes are carried out in a systematic way. As such it is necessary that the company drafts well-structured procedures for performing different tasks which employees can easily follow and implement (Walker, 2007). This will ensure that the tasks are performed in the right way, and it minimizes the chances of making errors while working. Such procedures need to be updated in the event of new technological developments that may occur. The construction industry remains one of the most profitable ventures if done correctly. It is, therefore, necessary that the owners and managers of this organizations are aware of the tactics to use to enhance their performance and maximize their profitability. Some of the methods that were explained above include the use of new technology, efficient management of job production for profit, the definition of companys goals and setting prospects, adequate training of staff, and the making of written procedures for the employees. Every construction company should implement these measures to benefit from their businesses. References Basu, A. (2016). Construction Trends Remain Favorable for Enhanced Profitability. Jobsite. Clair, A. (2017). Strategies to Increase Your Construction Business Revenue. Bplans. [online] Available at: https://articles.bplans.com/strategies-to-increase-construction-business-revenue/ [Accessed 8 Apr. 2017]. COOPER, D. J. (2004). Improving people performance in construction. Aldershot, Hants, England, Gower. Hammad, M., Omran, A. and Kadir, A. (2011). Identifying Ways To Improve Productivity At The Construction Industry. 1st ed. HEAP, A. (1987). Improving site productivity in the construction industry. Geneva, Internat. Labour Office. Naoum, S. (2001). People and Organizational Management in Construction. 1st ed. Technology and Engineering. Rojas, E. (2008). Construction Productivity: A Practical Guide for Building and Electrical Contractors. 1st ed. R.Josh Publishing. Walker, A. (2007). Project Management in Construction. 1st ed. Technology and Engineering.

The Attitude of Andy Warhol Essay Example For Students

The Attitude of Andy Warhol Essay Warhol introduced society to a new kind of art that is now being agonized as real art, he pushed to boundaries and so called standards to the traditional ways. Whorls first major display of pushing the boundaries was in 1948 at an art show given by the Pittsburgh Associated Artists his painting that he submitted was titled The Broad Gave Me My Face but Can Pick My Own Nose, one judge thought it was excellent and another thought it was vulgar and coarse. It hung in the Direct section hut drew a huge crowd of admiring students. From that he felt that he was ready to take on the art scene in New York. Whorls approach to the modern way of art was mass production of everyday items. He was very successful as a commercial artist but was not considered a Dread artist, Andy wanted his art to look impersonal and mechanical. He discovered the use to silkscreen and how it produced slight mistakes and unevenness in his repetitive style of art. He produced his most famous pieces of art after he found silkscreen, he was on an inspirational high. We will write a custom essay on The Attitude of Andy Warhol specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now He produced the Campbell Soup Can series in 1962 and the more famous prints of Marilyn Monroe in 1964. To expand Ands finances, Fred Hughes encouraged him to concentrate on his paintings. Ands Swiss dealer, Bruno Fishmonger, thought Andy should Anita series on a world leader for an exhibit at his gallery. He suggested Albert Einstein. Andy thought that Chairman Mao, the dictator of China, would be a better choice. Ive been reading so much about Chinaware only picture they ever have is Of Mao Sedona. Its great. It looks like a p. 117 price of pop) Bruno insisted that on one, especially Americans, would but them, since Mao was a Widely hated communist. As usual Andy stuck to his instincts and set out to silkscreen a set of prints, line drawings, and paintings of the Chinese leader. Mao symbolized power over the lives Of billions Of people. Although. F Andy had lived in communist China during the Cultural Revelation, he most likely would have been imprisoned. Mao suppressed creativity, especially in the arts, But Andy felt sure that capitalist American collectors would find the images of Chairman Mao, both alien and familiar at the same time, irresistible, Based on the official photograph of Mao, the portraits were done in a freer brushstroke than previous paintings, with a looser background to color over which the image was printed, guy adding lines around the face for emphasis, Warhol tried to make Mao as glamorous as his portraits to Marilyn. He also reduced a series of Mao wallpaper similar to the Cow Wallpaper at Galleria Lean Assonated, Paris in 1365. Warhol emphasized the hand-painted part of his work, stressed the brush stoke at the cost of the printing technique, by partially integrating oil painting into his silkscreen pictures and played down the mechanical effect. But the subject of this series of portraits was taken from the official photograph print of the almighty Para leader, which hung on every Chinese wall. But the studies differ from one another in color as well as in compositions and the selection of detail. By means of a lighter colored aground and the contrast Of colors generates a kind Of halo.

Free Essays on Cesar Pelli

Cesar Pelli was born in Argentina in 1926 and married in 1950. He got his bachelors degree in architecture at the National University of Tucumn in Argentina. Pelli moved to the United States in 1952. In 1954 Cesar received his masters in architecture from the University of Illinois. After collage he went to work with Eero Saarinen who later would become his partner. In 1977 he formed his own firm Cesar Pelli and Associates in New Haven Connecticut. In that same year he was named Dean of the Yale School of Architecture where he stayed until 1984. He was awarded the American Institute of Architects Gold Medal in 1995. Pelli designs several sketches, which allows client’s to choose their favorite one. I think this makes him a unique architect. He likes to add a blend of the present to his client’s choice. "My works are formulated in the spirit of the present", Pelli says. He changes his design tastes to correspond with certain characteristics such as site, climate, and the building’s purpose. I think Pelli design taste for the present pushes the future to the next level. Most of his buildings have a blue, brown, bronze, mirrored, opaque, and transparent metallic look for the exterior. "I am interested in expressing the exteriors of buildings as enclosures for controlled living environments." Pelli also uses colored brick, limestone, aluminum, and steel for exterior materials along with his favorite, glass. He pays great attention to designing every building with unique detail. Pelli has designed many famous buildings. He says "Cities are our most important responsibility. They are the whole of which our buildings are the parts. Making a building one with its place has been a constant goal of architecture throughout the ages. Technological and cultural changes have weakened this relationship, and it is the responsibility of each one of us today to consider it in our work. " Some of Pelli’s most f... Free Essays on Cesar Pelli Free Essays on Cesar Pelli Cesar Pelli was born in Argentina in 1926 and married in 1950. He got his bachelors degree in architecture at the National University of Tucumn in Argentina. Pelli moved to the United States in 1952. In 1954 Cesar received his masters in architecture from the University of Illinois. After collage he went to work with Eero Saarinen who later would become his partner. In 1977 he formed his own firm Cesar Pelli and Associates in New Haven Connecticut. In that same year he was named Dean of the Yale School of Architecture where he stayed until 1984. He was awarded the American Institute of Architects Gold Medal in 1995. Pelli designs several sketches, which allows client’s to choose their favorite one. I think this makes him a unique architect. He likes to add a blend of the present to his client’s choice. "My works are formulated in the spirit of the present", Pelli says. He changes his design tastes to correspond with certain characteristics such as site, climate, and the building’s purpose. I think Pelli design taste for the present pushes the future to the next level. Most of his buildings have a blue, brown, bronze, mirrored, opaque, and transparent metallic look for the exterior. "I am interested in expressing the exteriors of buildings as enclosures for controlled living environments." Pelli also uses colored brick, limestone, aluminum, and steel for exterior materials along with his favorite, glass. He pays great attention to designing every building with unique detail. Pelli has designed many famous buildings. He says "Cities are our most important responsibility. They are the whole of which our buildings are the parts. Making a building one with its place has been a constant goal of architecture throughout the ages. Technological and cultural changes have weakened this relationship, and it is the responsibility of each one of us today to consider it in our work. " Some of Pelli’s most f...

The Gold Standard vs. Fiat Money

The Gold Standard vs. Fiat Money An extensive essay on the gold standard on The Encyclopedia of Economics and Liberty defines it as: ...a commitment by participating countries to fix the prices of their domestic currencies in terms of a specified amount of gold. National money and other forms of money (bank deposits and notes) were freely converted into gold at the fixed price. A county under the gold standard would set a price for gold, say $100 an ounce and would buy and sell gold at that price. This effectively sets a value for the currency; in our fictional example, $1 would be worth 1/100th of an ounce of gold. Other precious metals could be used to set a monetary standard; silver standards were common in the 1800s. A combination of the gold and silver standard is known as bimetallism. A Brief History of the Gold Standard If you would like to learn about the history of money in detail, there is an excellent site called A Comparative Chronology of Money which details the important places and dates in monetary history. During most of the 1800s, the United States had a bimetallic system of money;  however, it was essentially on a gold standard as very little silver was traded. A true gold standard came to fruition in 1900 with the passage of the Gold Standard Act. The gold standard effectively came to an end in 1933 when President Franklin D. Roosevelt outlawed private gold ownership. The Bretton Woods System, enacted in 1946 created a system of fixed exchange rates that allowed governments to sell their gold to the United States treasury at the price of $35/ounce: The Bretton Woods system ended on August 15, 1971, when President Richard Nixon ended trading of gold at the fixed price of $35/ounce. At that point for the first time in history, formal links between the major world currencies and real commodities were severed. The gold standard has not been used in any major economy since that time. What system of money do we use today? Almost every country, including the United States, is on a system of fiat money, which the glossary defines as money that is intrinsically useless; is used only as a medium of exchange. The value of money is set by the supply and demand for money and the supply and demand for other goods and services in the economy. The prices for those goods and services, including gold and silver, are allowed to fluctuate based on market forces.   The Benefits and Costs of a Gold Standard The main benefit of a gold standard is that it  ensures  a relatively low level of inflation. In articles such as What Is the Demand for Money? weve seen that inflation is caused by a combination of four factors: The supply of money goes up.The supply of goods goes down.Demand for money goes down.Demand for goods goes up. So long as the supply of gold does not change too quickly, then the supply of money will stay relatively stable. The gold standard prevents a country from printing too much money. If the supply of money rises too fast, then people will exchange money (which has become less scarce) for gold (which has not). If this goes on too long, then the treasury will eventually run out of gold. A gold standard restricts the  Federal Reserve  from enacting policies which significantly alter the growth of the money supply which in turn limits the  inflation rate  of a country. The gold standard also changes the face of the foreign exchange market. If Canada is on the gold standard and has set the price of gold at $100 an ounce, and Mexico is also on the gold standard and set the price of gold at 5000 pesos an ounce, then 1 Canadian Dollar must be worth 50 pesos. The extensive use of gold standards implies a system of fixed exchange rates. If all countries are on a gold standard, there is  then  only one real currency, gold, from which all others derive their value. The stability of the gold standard cause in the foreign exchange market is often cited as one of the benefits of the system. The stability caused by the gold standard is also the biggest drawback in having one.  Exchange rates  are not allowed to respond to changing circumstances in countries. A gold standard severely limits the stabilization policies the Federal Reserve can use. Because of these factors, countries with gold standards tend to have severe economic shocks. Economist  Michael D. Bordo  explains: Because economies under the gold standard were so vulnerable to real and monetary shocks, prices were highly unstable in the short run. A measure of short-term price instability is the coefficient of variation, which is the ratio of the standard deviation of annual percentage changes in the price level to the average annual percentage change. The higher the coefficient of variation, the greater the short-term instability. For the United States between 1879 and 1913, the coefficient was 17.0, which is quite high. Between 1946 and 1990 it was only 0.8. Moreover, because the gold standard gives the government little discretion to use monetary policy, economies on the gold standard are less able to avoid or offset either monetary or real shocks. Real output, therefore, is more variable under the gold standard. The coefficient of variation for real output was 3.5 between 1879 and 1913, and only 1.5 between 1946 and 1990. Not coincidentally, since the government could not have discretion over monetary policy, unemployment was higher during the gold standard. It averaged 6.8 percent in the United States between 1879 and 1913 versus 5.6 percent between 1946 and 1990. So it would appear that the major benefit to the gold standard is that it can prevent long-term inflation in a country. However, as  Brad DeLong  points out: ...if you do not trust a central bank to keep inflation low, why should you trust it to remain on the gold standard for generations? It does not look like the gold standard will make a return to the United States anytime in the foreseeable future.

Movie Gattaca Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Gattaca - Movie Review Example to second-class citizen status and find that they cannot reach their goals, and their dreams severely impeded because society just cannot tolerate them and will obstruct their every hope and aspiration. They also suffer psychologically and emotionally because society not only treats them as pariahs but look at them as pitiful and scornful creatures. But this society itself is grossly myopic because it fails to see defect such as President Franklin Delano Roosevelt who suffered polio and yet campaigned and won the presidency or heptathlete Jackie Joyner Kersee who was asthmatic and yet ruled them all in Olympic heptathlon and the long jump for decades. The list is long and includes Alexander the Great, Julius Caesar, Albert Einstein, Helen Keller. The list goes on and on and probably include our own ancestors who shone and stood out despite physical limitations stressing the point that the most valuable thing is not what is evident to the eyes. MOVIE SYNOPSIS It is in the above backdrop that Vincent (Ethan Hawke), who was born In-Valid, meaning that because of poverty his parents could not afford to allow the foetal Vincent to undergo pre-implantation genetic diagnosis and DNA selection and thus be genetically engineered with superlative traits from both mother and father, was caught in a trying situation. As such, Vincent cannot qualify for professional jobs such as being an astronaut, which he dearly desired but had to content himself with menial jobs such as the cleaning job at Gattaca Aerospace Corporation, the NASA type of the future era. Unlike his brother Anton, who has the whole world in front of him, Vincent found out that because society practically shut the door in front of him, he had to work double time- learning, working and dreaming to remove the barriers placed before him. Instead of resigning himself to his fate, he saved money, led a frugal life while scavenging